Proto-writing, ideograms, and pictograms preceded the development of true writing such as cuneiform and hieroglyphics.
Proto-writing refers to early writing systems that showed some characteristics of writing but did not fully constitute true writing yet. Ideograms are symbols that represent ideas or concepts directly, while pictograms represent actual objects. Logograms are symbols that represent words or morphemes.
The first known writing systems emerged in Sumer in Mesopotamia around the late 4th millennium BCE. Cuneiform script was among the earliest forms of writing, evolving from proto-writing, which included pictographic elements.
One of the early forms of writing was the cuneiform script used in Mesopotamia. Another example is the hieroglyphic system in ancient Egypt. An alphabet is a writing system in which each symbol represents a phoneme or a basic sound of the spoken language.
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