Answer:
Step-by-step explanation:
Solving linear equation with one variable:
  1) -4 + 3x = 4x - 8
    Add 4 to both sides
   -4 + 3x + 4 = 4x - 8 +  4
        3x   = 4x - 4
Subtract 4x from both sides,
    3x - 4x = -4x + 4x - 4
       -x  = -4
        [tex]\sf \boxed{\bf x = 4}[/tex]
2) -5x - 8 = 2
Add 8 to both sides
 -5x - 8 + 8 = 2 + 8
      -5x  = 10
Divide both sides by (-5)
      [tex]\sf \dfrac{-5}{-5}x =\dfrac{10}{-5}[/tex]
         [tex]\sf \boxed{\bf x = -2}[/tex]
3) 12r - 14 = 5(2-r)
  12r - 14 = 5*2 - 5*r
   12r - 14 = 10 - 5r
Add 14 to both sides
 12r - 14 + 14 = 10 - 5r + 14
       12r  = 24 - 5r
Add 5r to both sides
    12r + 5r = 24
        17r = 24
Divide both sides by 17
         r = 24/17
4) 3x - 8 = -(17 + 2x)
 3x - 8 = -17 - 2x
Add 8 to both sides
3x - 8 + 8 = -17 - 2x + 8
      3x = -9 - 2x
Add 2x to both sides
   3x + 2x = -9
      5x  = -9
Divide both sides by 5
       [tex]\sf \dfrac{5}{5}x=\dfrac{-9}{5}\\\\\boxed{x = \dfrac{-9}{5}}[/tex]