A barefoot field-goal kicker imparts a speed of 36 m/s to a football initially at rest. If the football has a mass of 0.54 kg and the time of contact with the ball is 0.027 s, what is the force exerted by the ball on the kicker's foot? Answer in units of N.

a) 14.3 N
b) 22.2 N
c) 38.1 N
d) 48.6 N